Mei 7, 2024
I ka nohona o kēia wā, ua lilo ka maikaʻi o ka ea a mākou e hanu ai i mea koʻikoʻi. No mākou e noho nei ma nā kūlanakauhale a i ʻole nā wahi e pili ana, ʻo ke kaona a me nā alaloa e hoʻohālikelike i ka ʻāina a lawe pū me lākou i nā mea haumia. Ma nā kua'āina, pili nui ka maikaʻi o ka ea e ka mahiʻai ʻoihana a me nā hana mining. Ke ʻā nei nā ahi ahi a ma nā wahi ʻē aʻe, ʻike ʻia nā wahi āpau i nā mākaʻikaʻi maikaʻi o ka ea.
Ua hoʻopili ʻia ka pollution ea i nā pilikia olakino. ʻO nā hopena olakino kūikawā e pili ana i ke ʻano a me ka neʻe ʻana o nā mea haumia i ka lewa, akā ke manaʻo nei ka World Health Organization (WHO) i ka hoʻohaumia ʻana o ka hale a me ka ea a puni ka 6.7 miliona mau make i kēlā me kēia makahiki.
Ma kēia moʻomanaʻo moʻomanaʻo, e ʻimi mākou i nā hopena olakino o ka haumia ea a me kekahi o nā mea hewa maʻamau.
Pehea ka hopena o ka haumia ea i kou olakino?
ʻO ka maikaʻi ʻole o ka ea e alakaʻi i ka make mua ma o nā ʻano hana like ʻole e pili ana i ka ʻōnaehana hanu a me ka cardiovascular. Hiki i ka ʻike ʻana i ka haumia o ka ea ke alakaʻi i nā maʻi maʻi maʻi (ka koke a me ke koʻikoʻi, akā hiki i ka wā pōkole) a me ka maʻi maʻi (hiki ʻole ke hoʻōla ʻia, nā kūlana olakino e ulu ana i ka wā lōʻihi). Eia kekahi mau ala e make ai ka ea.
ʻAha: ʻO ka ʻike ʻana i nā mea haumia ea, e like me ka particulate matter (PM) a me ka ozone (O3), hiki ke hoʻoulu i ka mumū o ka hanu a me nā ʻōnaehana cardiovascular, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. Hiki i kēia mumū ke hoʻonui i nā maʻi hanu e like me ka maʻi pulmonary obstructive maʻi (COPD) a me nā pilikia cardiovascular e alakaʻi ai i ka hōʻeha puʻuwai a me ka hahau.
Hoʻemi ʻia ka hana o ka māmā: ʻO ka loaʻa ʻana o kekahi mau mea haumia, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o nā mea ʻala (PM2.5), hiki ke hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ka hana o ka māmā i ka wā lōʻihi, e ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o ka poʻe i nā maʻi hanu. Hiki i ka PM2.5 ke hele i ka pale koko-lolo a hoʻopilikia i ka lolo
Hoʻonui ʻia ke koko: ʻO nā mea haumia, ʻo ia hoʻi mai ka pollution ea e pili ana i ke kaʻa (TRAP) e like me ka nitrogen dioxide (NO2), ozone a me PM, ua hoʻopili ʻia i ka piʻi ʻana o ke koko, ʻo ia ka mea pilikia no ka maʻi cardiovascular.
Hoʻokumu ʻia ʻo Atherosclerosis: Ua pili ka ʻike lōʻihi i ka haumia o ka ea i ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ke atherosclerosis (ka paʻakikī a me ka hōʻemi ʻana o nā aʻa), e alakaʻi ana i ka maʻi cardiovascular e like me ka hōʻeha puʻuwai a me ka hahau.
ʻO ke koʻikoʻi oxidative: Hiki i ka ʻike ʻana i nā mea haumia ke hoʻoulu i ke koʻikoʻi oxidative, e hōʻino ai i nā cell a me nā ʻiʻo. Ua hoʻopili ʻia kēia pōʻino oxidative i ka ulu ʻana o nā ʻano olakino like ʻole, e like me ka hahau a me ka maʻi kanesa. Hiki iā ia ke hoʻoikaika i ka ʻelemakule o ke kino
Ka ma'i 'a'ai: No kekahi po'e, hiki i ka 'ike 'ana i ka pollution ea ke ho'oulu i ka ma'i 'a'ai e like me ka puhi paka. Ua pili pū ka pollution ea i ka maʻi kanesa o ka umauma
ʻO ka piʻi ʻana o ka make mua ʻana mai ka hoʻohaumia ʻana o ka ea e pili pinepine ʻia me nā maʻi maʻi maʻi ma muli o ka loaʻa ʻana o ka ea. Eia naʻe, hiki ke loaʻa nā hopena maikaʻi ʻole i ka wā pōkole. Ua hōʻike ʻia kahi haʻawina e hoʻomohala ana nā ʻōpio olakino i ka puʻuwai maʻamau i loko o nā hola o ka ʻike pōkole i ka pollution ea.
ʻO nā pilikia olakino e pili ana i ka hoʻohaumia ʻana o ka ea e pili ana i ka ʻeha ʻana o ka hanu a me ka maʻi cardiovascular, hoʻemi ʻia ka hana o ka māmā, hoʻonui i ke koko, paʻakikī a me ka haʻikiʻi o nā aʻa, ka pōʻino o ka cell a me ka ʻiʻo, ka maʻi kanesa a me ka maʻi maʻi umauma.
No laila, pono mākou e uku nui i ka ea, i kēia manawa e hāʻawi kā mākou huahana iā ʻoe i ka ea maʻemaʻe.
HOOLAHA
1 He haumia ea hale. (2023, Kekemapa 15). Hui Ola Ola.https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/household-air-pollution-and-health.
2 Grunig G, Marsh LM, Esmaeil N, et al. Kuʻana: hoʻohaumia ʻana i ka ea a puni: pane ʻino a me nā hopena i ka vasculature o ka māmā. Kaapuni Pulm. 2014 Mar;4(1):25-35. doi:10.1086/674902.
3 Li W, Lin G, Xiao Z, et al. ʻO kahi loiloi o ka mea hiki ke hoʻokuʻu ʻia (PM2.5)-i hoʻokomo ʻia i ka lolo. Mua Mol Neurosci. 2022 Sep 7;15:967174. doi:10.3389/fnmol.2022.967174.
4 Pizzino G, Irrera N, Cucinotta M, et al. Oxidative Stress: Nā pōʻino a me nā pono no ke ola kino kanaka. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2017;2017:8416763. doi:10.1155/2017/8416763.
5 Pro Publica. (2021, Nowemapa 2). Hiki ke hoʻomāinoino i ka ea i ka maʻi maʻi? He aha kāu e ʻike ai e pili ana i nā pilikia. Pro Publica.https://www.propublica.org/article/can-air-pollution-cause-cancer-risks.
6 Nā pae kiʻekiʻe o ka pollution ea ea e pili ana me ka hoʻonui. (2023, Kepakemapa 12). National Institutes of Health (NIH).https://www.nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/high-levels-particulate-air-pollution-associated-increased-breast-cancer-incidence.
7 He F, Yanosky JD, Fernandez‐Mendoza J, et al. Ka hopena koʻikoʻi o ka hoʻohaumia ʻana i ka ea ʻāpana maikaʻi ma luna o nā arrhythmias cardiac ma kahi laʻana o nā poʻe ʻōpio: ʻo ka Penn State Child Cohort. Huakai o Amer Heart Assoc. 2017 Iulai 27.;11:e026370. doi:10.1161/JAHA.122.026370.
8 Ka maʻi maʻi a me ka haumia ea. (nd). Union for International Cancer Control.https://www.uicc.org/what-we-do/thematic-areas/cancer-and-air-pollution.
9 Ka Noʻonoʻo Hoʻopau ʻana i nā Kūlana Kūlana Kūlana Kūlohelohe o ka Ea no nā ʻāpana ʻāpana (PM). (2024, Pepeluali 7). EPA US.https://www.epa.gov/pm-pollution/final-reconsideration-national-ambient-air-quality-standards-particulate-matter-pm.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Mei-10-2024